Why Can't Christians and Jews Agree on Isaiah 53?

One of the many goals of this website is to help modern Bible readers to become aware of the prevalence of Jewish mysticism, particularly throughout the New Testament. For many reasons, understanding the texts through this lens will prove valuable to unlock insights and correct a myriad of problematic interpretations. Many of these errant interpretations have resulted in thousands of denominations and a historically antagonistic stance against the Jewish people.

Recently, I observed an argument unfold online between a few Jews and Christians, both passionately discussing the passages in Isaiah chapters 52 and 53. Though I was unable to find the original question, I am familiar with how this argument often plays out.

Usually, someone versed in Christian theology will often view these chapters as speaking about Jesus, or Messiah. Jews, often able to read Hebrew, will give a different interpretation, sometimes citing a translation error, but not always.

As was the case in this particular episode, this discussion usually devolves into an unfortunate (public) display of name-calling or generalizations. Nothing productive can be attained once it crosses the line of demarcation into polemics.

It would seem that before one can begin to look at the passage (or any controversial passage, for that matter), underlying assumptions and knowledge gaps should be addressed.

We will look at (3) in particular;

1) Interpretation Methods
2) Views on Rabbinic Thought
3) Historical backdrop

1) Interpretation Methods

Fundamentally, there is a major difference between Jewish and Christian hermeneutics. This largely influences how either group reads, interacts, and applies scripture. For example, when are we to understand a passage literally, and when are we to look at it from a spiritual perspective?